Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy is a key procedure for examining the lining of the large intestine (colon) and rectum. It is the gold standard test for colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis.
Colonoscopy FAQs
What is a colonoscopy?
When should I have a colonoscopy?
What conditions can be identified by colonoscopy?
Colorectal cancer and the role of colonoscopy
How do I prepare for a colonoscopy?
What does the procedure involve?
What are polyps? How and why are polyps removed?
What should I know about recovery from a colonoscopy?
Do I need a referral to make an appointment?
What is a colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is a type of endoscopic procedure, a minimally invasive medical investigation that uses an endoscope to view the interior surfaces of an organ or tissue. An endoscope is a long, thin, flexible tube equipped with a light and camera at its tip, which transmits detailed images of the inner surfaces of the digestive tract to a monitor. Colonoscopy examines the gastrointestinal lining of the colon and rectum.
When should I have a colonoscopy?
A colonoscopy is recommended under various circumstances, such as:
To investigate symptoms like unexplained changes in bowel habit, rectal bleeding, persistent abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss or low blood count.
As a screening tool for colorectal cancer.
To investigate and diagnose conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis.
As a surveillance tool to monitor patients with a history of polyps or colorectal cancer.
What conditions can be identified by colonoscopy?
The imaging obtained during a colonoscopy can reveal distinct features of the lower gastrointestinal tract, such as:
Polyps, abnormal growths in the colorectal lining.
Signs of colorectal cancer at its early stages.
Characteristic changes in the mucosa, such as ulcers, inflammation, and abnormal tissue structure indicative of Inflammatory conditions like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.
Small pouches in the colon wall indicative of diverticulosis.
Sources of bleeding, such as angiodysplasia or hemorrhoids, can be located and sometimes treated during the colonoscopy.
The ability to directly observe the mucosal surface, take targeted biopsies, and even remove suspicious lesions during the procedure makes colonoscopy a vital diagnostic and therapeutic tool.
Colorectal cancer and the role of colonoscopy
New Zealand faces some of the highest rates of colorectal cancer globally. The best defence is early detection.
Colonoscopy stands as the most effective method for screening the large bowel, offering not just a thorough examination but also peace of mind, especially for those with risk factors, a family history of cancer or individuals outside the bowel screening age of 60 to 74.
Fortunately, the prognosis for bowel cancer is highly favourable when detected early during a colonoscopy, either in its initial stages or as a polyp. Early detection significantly increases the likelihood of successful treatment and recovery.
How do I prepare for a colonoscopy?
Preparing for a colonoscopy involves emptying the colon, which is crucial for a clear view during the exam. This may include following a special diet the day before the exam, taking a prescribed laxative, and possibly adjusting or stopping certain medications temporarily. The specifics of the prep can vary, and you will be provided with detailed instructions based on your individual situation
What does the procedure involve?
A colonoscopy is typically performed under sedation with the patient lying on their side.
The procedure involves a long, flexible tube with a camera on the end (colonoscope) which is inserted into the rectum to examine the inside of the colon. The camera transmits images to a screen thereby allowing the lining to be carefully inspected for abnormalities.
The colonoscopy procedure itself usually takes about 30 to 45 minutes. However, including preparation and recovery time, you might spend 2-3 hours in hospital.
What are polyps? How and why are polyps removed?
Polyps are abnormal growths in the colorectal lining. Most polyps are benign however some have the potential to evolve into cancer over a period of many years.
Polyps are detected and removed during a colonoscopy by a small tool which can be passed through the scope. The tissue is sent to a lab for assessment to determine if it's benign, precancerous, or cancerous, guiding further treatment and/or surveillance decisions
What should I know about recovery from a colonoscopy?
Colonoscopies can be performed as a same-day procedure meaning a quicker recovery and minimal disruption to your daily activities.
After a colonoscopy, you'll need some time to recover from the sedatives, usually about an hour. You might experience some bloating or gas. It's essential to have someone drive you home, as the sedatives can impair your ability to drive or operate machinery for the rest of the day
Do I need a referral to make an appointment?
A GP referral isn't required to schedule an appointment; however, for those intending to use insurance, it's advisable to verify with your insurer first, as they may require a GP referral or prior authorisation before you proceed.
An initial consultation is necessary for all procedures and will incur a standard fee of $250. Consultations are conducted at our Campbell Street location. For convenience they can also be done remotely via phone or video call, especially for those outside Whanganui. All endoscopic procedures are performed at Belverdale Hospital.